How are controlled substances classified?

Controlled substances are classified primarily based on their potential for abuse and dependency. This classification system, established in the Controlled Substances Act, categorizes drugs into different schedules ranging from Schedule I to Schedule V. Schedule I substances are considered to have a high potential for abuse and have no accepted medical use in the United States, while Schedule V substances have a lower potential for abuse and accepted medical uses.

This classification is important in determining how these substances can be prescribed, dispensed, and stored, ensuring that those with the highest risk of abuse are subject to more stringent regulations. For example, a Schedule I drug cannot be prescribed at all, while a Schedule II drug may require special prescriptions and monitoring.

Other classification methods—such as color and shape, prescription requirements, or price—do not adequately reflect the risks associated with these medications and are not utilized in the legal and regulatory frameworks guiding pharmacy practice. Hence, focusing on the potential for abuse and dependency is crucial for public health and safety.